The paper concerns a short survey of the statements presented in the philosophy of science according to the problem of the philosophical assumptions of science. The assumptions of science refer to the special kind of philosophical beliefs that scientists might not be aware of and that create a peculiar foundation of their work. The paper represents the point of view of culture studies. In this framework science is described as one of the spheres of culture. Some philosophers of science reconstruct the metaphysical assumptions of scientific theories. Science studies as seen from the culture studies perspective treat both philosophy and science as the spheres of culture. In respect to this view the paper scrutinizes historically changing philosophical concepts of science (from those, which perceived science as an autonomous system to those that stress its relations to other socio-cultural phenomena) as well as discusses some controversial issues related to the problem of philosophical assumptions of science.