At the turn of the 19th and 20th century, Władysław Heinrich introduced a new style of philosophizing in the Cracow rather traditional philosophical milieu. His way of presenting philosophical ideas in a strict contact with empirical sciences arose great interest and found several talented followers. In the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow the manuscript is preserved bearing the title "Theory of Cognition"; it was written by Heinrich in 1912. We present and critically asses his "philosophy of nature" as it can be reconstructed from the above mentioned manuscript.